Legal Knowledge

دليل تأسيس الشركات في البحرين الشامل 2025

كل ما تحتاج معرفته عن تسجيل شركة في البحرين عبر نظام سجلات: الأنواع، المتطلبات، الرسوم، والخطوات التفصيلية.

دليل التوثيق والتصديق في البحرين الشامل 2025

كل ما تحتاج معرفته عن توثيق المستندات: كاتب العدل، التصديق، الأبوستيل، التوكيلات، والإجراءات.

دليل تحصيل الديون في البحرين الشامل 2025

كل ما تحتاج معرفته عن استرداد الديون: الإجراءات القانونية، خطاب الإنذار، التنفيذ الجبري، والشيكات المرتجعة.

دليل التحكيم في البحرين الشامل 2025

كل ما تحتاج معرفته عن التحكيم التجاري: أنواع التحكيم، مركز البحرين للتحكيم، الإجراءات، وتنفيذ الأحكام.

دليل الشركات والقانون التجاري في البحرين 2025

كل ما تحتاج معرفته: الاندماج والاستحواذ، العقود التجارية، حوكمة الشركات، وإعادة الهيكلة.

دليل التقاضي والمنازعات في البحرين 2025

كل ما تحتاج معرفته: النظام القضائي، درجات التقاضي، إجراءات المحاكم، الاستئناف والتمييز، وتنفيذ الأحكام.

دليل البنوك والتمويل في البحرين 2025

كل ما تحتاج معرفته: التمويل الإسلامي والتقليدي، مصرف البحرين المركزي، العقود البنكية، والامتثال.

دليل جمعيات الملاك في البحرين 2025

كل ما تحتاج معرفته: تأسيس الجمعية، الحوكمة، حقوق وواجبات الملاك، رسوم الخدمات، وحل النزاعات.

دليل العقارات في البحرين 2025

كل ما تحتاج معرفته: شراء وبيع العقارات، التسجيل العقاري، عقود الإنشاءات، التطوير، والتمويل.

United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation (Singapore Convention, 2018) — Bahrain accession 17 February 2025, in force for Bahrain 17 August 2025

Legislative Decree No. (9) of 2024 with respect to the Bahrain International Commercial Court (BICC)

The Bahrain International Commercial Court Law (Legislative Decree No. 9 of 2024) establishes the Bahrain International Commercial Court (BICC), an independent dispute-resolution body created to hear international…

Legislative Decree No. (22) of 2021 Promulgating the Civil and Commercial Execution Law

The Civil and Commercial Execution Law (Legislative Decree No. 22 of 2021) is Bahrain's dedicated enforcement statute. It consolidates and modernises the rules previously scattered across the 1971 Civil and Commercial…

Resolution No. (134) of 2021 Issuing the Regulation on Procedures for Dispute Resolution at the Bahrain Chamber for Dispute Resolution

Issues the procedural regulation governing disputes heard by the Bahrain Chamber for Dispute Resolution (BCDR) under Chapter One of Part Two of Legislative Decree 30/2009. The 132-article regulation sets out…

Resolution No. (30) of 2020 Issuing the Regulation on Procedures for Commercial Cases

MoJ Resolution No. 30 of 2020 on the Regulation of Procedures for Commercial Cases implements the commercial case-management regime inserted into the Civil and Commercial Procedures Law (DL 12/1971) by Law No. 18 of…

Resolution No. (35) of 2020 Issuing the Regulation on Procedures for Small-Claims Disputes

MoJ Resolution No. 35 of 2020 on the Regulation of Procedures for Small-Claims Disputes governs the filing, administration, hearing, and determination of small-claims cases before the Small Civil and Commercial Court.…

Legislative Decree No. (22) of 2019 on Mediation for the Resolution of Disputes

The Mediation Law (Legislative Decree No. 22 of 2019) establishes a consolidated statutory framework for mediation in civil and commercial disputes in Bahrain and implements the Kingdom's commitments under the UN…

Resolution No. (126) of 2019 Issuing the Executive Regulation of the Mediation Law

MoJ Resolution No. 126 of 2019 Issuing the Executive Regulation of the Mediation Law implements the Mediation Law (Legislative Decree No. 22 of 2019) and applies, by its terms, to domestic mediation for dispute…

Legislative Decree No. (54) of 2018 Promulgating the Law of Electronic Communications and Transactions

The Electronic Communications and Transactions Law (Legislative Decree No. 54 of 2018) is Bahrain's modern e-transactions statute, replacing the older Electronic Transactions Law of 2002. Building on the UNCITRAL Model…

Law No. (22) of 2018 Promulgating the Reorganisation and Bankruptcy Law

The Reorganisation and Bankruptcy Law (Law No. 22 of 2018) is Bahrain's modern insolvency regime, replacing the bankruptcy chapters of the 1987 Code of Commerce. Drafted with reference to the UNCITRAL Model Law on…

Law No. (9) of 2015 Promulgating the Arbitration Law

Bahrain's Arbitration Law (Law No. 9 of 2015) adopts the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration (1985, as amended in 2006) in its entirety, transforming Bahrain into a Model Law jurisdiction for both…

Law No. 32 of 2010 on Financial Disclosure

The Financial Disclosure Law (Law No. 32 of 2010) requires specified categories of public officials in Bahrain to declare their financial position and that of their spouse and minor children, as part of the Kingdom's…

Law No. 7 of 2010 ratifying the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC)

Law No. 7 of 2010 ratifies Bahrain's accession to the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), adopted by the UN General Assembly on 31 October 2003. The Law was issued by King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa on 4…

Legislative Decree No. 48 of 2010 promulgating the Civil Service Law

The Civil Service Law (Legislative Decree No. 48 of 2010) is the umbrella statute governing employment in Bahrain's civil public service. It repealed the previous Civil Service Law (Law No. 35 of 2006) and is…

Legislative Decree No. (30) of 2009 Establishing the Bahrain Chamber for Dispute Resolution (BCDR)

The Bahrain Chamber for Dispute Resolution (BCDR), established by Decree-Law No. 30 of 2009 as amended by Decree-Law No. 64 of 2014 and Decree-Law No. 26 of 2021, is Bahrain's specialised forum for economic, financial,…

Legislative Decree No. (42) of 2002 Promulgating the Judicial Authority Law

The Judicial Authority Law (Legislative Decree No. 42 of 2002) organises the ordinary court system of the Kingdom of Bahrain and the statuses of its judges. It affirms that the courts exercise judicial power…

Legislative Decree No. (19) of 2001 Promulgating the Civil Code

The Civil Code (Legislative Decree No. 19 of 2001) is the foundational statute of private civil law in Bahrain, enacted on 1 January 2001 and commenced later that year. It replaced the 1969 Contracts Law and the 1970…

Legislative Decree No. (21) of 2001 Promulgating the Commercial Companies Law

The Commercial Companies Law (Legislative Decree No. 21 of 2001) is Bahrain's primary corporate statute, governing the formation, governance, capital, accounts, and dissolution of commercial companies incorporated in…

GCC Convention for the Execution of Judgments, Delegations and Judicial Notifications (1996)

Legislative Decree No. (14) of 1996 Promulgating the Law of Evidence in Civil and Commercial Matters

The Law of Evidence in Civil and Commercial Matters (Legislative Decree No. 14 of 1996) governs how facts are proved in civil and commercial litigation before the Bahraini courts. It was carved out of the 1971 Civil and…

Legislative Decree No. 21 of 1996 on the Environment

The Environment Law (Legislative Decree No. 21 of 1996) is Bahrain's framework statute for environmental protection. It applies without prejudice to specific sectoral laws and tasks the competent environmental authority…

1958 New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (Bahrain accession by Decree-Law No. 4 of 1988)

Legislative Decree No. (7) of 1987 Promulgating the Law of Commerce

The Code of Commerce (Legislative Decree No. 7 of 1987) is the core merchant-law statute of Bahrain, sitting alongside (and largely independent of) the general Civil Code (DL 19/2001). It applies to traders (whether…

Riyadh Arab Convention on Judicial Cooperation (1983)

Legislative Decree No. 15 of 1976 promulgating the Penal Code

The Penal Code (Legislative Decree No. 15 of 1976) is Bahrain's general criminal statute, setting out the principles of criminal liability and the catalogue of offences and penalties applicable throughout the Kingdom.…

Legislative Decree No. (3) of 1972 on Judicial Fees

The Judicial Fees Law (Legislative Decree No. 3 of 1972) is the framework statute for court fees in Bahrain. It requires the advance payment of the prescribed fee as a precondition to any judicial step in civil,…

Legislative Decree No. (12) of 1971 Promulgating the Civil and Commercial Procedures Law

The Civil and Commercial Procedures Law (Legislative Decree No. 12 of 1971) is Bahrain's core code of civil procedure. It governs the conduct of civil and commercial litigation before the ordinary courts, from filing…

Corporate & Commercial Law in Bahrain 2025

Complete guide: M&A transactions, commercial contracts, corporate governance, restructuring, and regulatory compliance.

Litigation & Disputes in Bahrain 2025

Complete guide: court system, civil and commercial cases, procedures, BCDR, appeals, cassation, and enforcement.

Banking & Finance Law in Bahrain 2025

Complete guide: CBB regulations, Islamic finance, banking licenses, AML compliance, and FinTech.

Owners' Associations in Bahrain 2025

Complete guide: establishment, governance, rights & duties, service charges, RERA, and dispute resolution.

Real Estate Law in Bahrain 2025

Complete guide: buying/selling, foreign ownership, registration, off-plan, construction, and financing.

AI Legal Slop and the Illusion of Legal Safety

When AI produces a polished legal memo that is wrong where it matters, the real danger is the false confidence it creates. A case study from a Bahraini acquisition and five consequences for corporate practice.

Notarization in Bahrain: What Documents Need to be Notarized

Complete guide to notarization in Bahrain. Learn which documents require notarization, the process, apostille requirements, and virtual notarization services.

Arbitration in Bahrain: Why Choose Arbitration Over Litigation

Guide to commercial arbitration in Bahrain. Learn the advantages of arbitration, BCDR procedures, and enforcement of awards under the New York Convention.

Debt Collection in Bahrain: Legal Process and Procedures

Complete guide to debt collection in Bahrain. Learn about demand letters, court procedures, execution orders, and bulk recovery for telecoms.

Company Registration in Bahrain: Complete Sijilat Guide 2025

Step-by-step guide to registering a company in Bahrain through Sijilat. Learn about WLL, branch registration, documents, fees, and foreign ownership.

Force Majeure Under Bahraini Law: A Practitioner's Framework

A practitioner's framework for force majeure under Bahraini law — the four cumulative elements, pre-existing breach, drafting considerations, invocation mechanics, regulatory touchpoints, and practical guidance for businesses.

Major Overhaul of Cheque Regulations (Law No. 23 of 2025)

Bahrain's Law No. (23) of 2025 significantly overhauls check regulations within its Commercial Law to bolster financial stability and commercial integrity.

The Amiable Compositeur in Bahraini Arbitration Law

The concept of the "amicable compositeur" allows the arbitrator to resolve disputes based on principles of justice and fairness, transcending the strict literal application of the law.

Modernizing Justice: Bahrain Expands Alternative Sentencing (Law No. 20 of 2025)

Bahrain's new Law No. (20) of 2025 significantly modernizes its justice system by expanding alternative penalties to imprisonment, focusing on rehabilitation.

Navigating the Mechanism of Bringing in Expat Employees from Abroad

This guide walks you through the step-by-step process of hiring expat employees in Bahrain, from work permits to visa requirements.